Interactions : אינטראקציות

4.5   Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with Segluromet have not been performed; however, such studies have been conducted with ertugliflozin and metformin, the individual active substances of Segluromet.

Ertugliflozin

Pharmacodynamic interactions
Diuretics
Ertugliflozin may add to the diuretic effect of diuretics and may increase the risk of dehydration and hypotension (see section 4.4).

Insulin and insulin secretagogues
Insulin and insulin secretagogues, such as sulphonylureas, cause hypoglycaemia. Ertugliflozin may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia when used in combination with insulin and/or an insulin secretagogue. Therefore, a lower dose of insulin or an insulin secretagogue may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia when used in combination with Segluromet (see sections 4.2, 4.4, and 4.8).

Pharmacokinetic interactions

Effects of other medicinal products on the pharmacokinetics of ertugliflozin Metabolism by UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 is the primary clearance mechanism for ertugliflozin.

Interaction studies conducted in healthy subjects, using a single dose design, suggest that the pharmacokinetics of ertugliflozin are not altered by sitagliptin, metformin, glimepiride, or simvastatin.

Multiple-dose administration of rifampin (a UGT and CYP inducer) decreases ertugliflozin AUC and Cmax by 39% and 15%, respectively. This decrease in exposure is not considered clinically relevant and therefore, no dose adjustment is recommended. A clinically relevant effect with other inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) is not expected.

The impact of UGT inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of ertugliflozin has not been studied clinically, but potential increase in ertugliflozin exposure due to UGT inhibition is not considered to be clinically relevant.

Effects of ertugliflozin on the pharmacokinetics of other medicinal products Interaction studies conducted in healthy volunteers suggest that ertugliflozin had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, metformin, and glimepiride.

Coadministration of simvastatin with ertugliflozin resulted in a 24% and 19% increase in AUC and Cmax of simvastatin, respectively, and 30% and 16% increase in AUC and Cmax of simvastatin acid, respectively. The mechanism for the small increases in simvastatin and simvastatin acid is unknown and is not perpetrated through OATP inhibition by ertugliflozin. These increases are not considered to be clinically meaningful.

Metformin
Concomitant use not recommended.

Alcohol
Alcohol intoxication is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in cases of fasting, malnutrition or hepatic impairment.
Iodinated contrast agents
Segluromet must be discontinued prior to or at the time of the imaging procedure and not restarted until at least 48 hours after, provided that renal function has been re-evaluated and found to be stable (see sections 4.2 and 4.4).

Combinations requiring precautions for use
Some medicinal products can adversely affect renal function, which may increase the risk of lactic acidosis, e.g., NSAIDs, including selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX) II inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and diuretics, especially loop diuretics. When starting or using such products in combination with metformin, close monitoring of renal function is necessary.

Organic cation transporters (OCT)
Metformin is a substrate of both transporters OCT1 and OCT2.

Coadministration of metformin with
•    Inhibitors of OCT1 (such as verapamil) may reduce efficacy of metformin.
•    Inducers of OCT1 (such as rifampicin) may increase gastrointestinal absorption and efficacy of metformin.
•    Inhibitors of OCT2 (such as cimetidine, dolutegravir, ranolazine, trimethoprim, vandetanib, isavuconazole) may decrease the renal elimination of metformin and thus lead to an increase in metformin plasma concentration.
•    Inhibitors of both OCT1 and OCT2 (such as crizotinib, olaparib) may alter efficacy and renal elimination of metformin.

Caution is therefore advised, especially in patients with renal impairment, when these drugs are coadministered with metformin, as metformin plasma concentration may increase. If needed, dose adjustment of metformin may be considered as OCT inhibitors/inducers may alter the efficacy of metformin.

Glucocorticoids (given by systemic and local routes), beta 2 agonists, and diuretics have intrinsic hyperglycaemic activity. The patient should be informed and more frequent blood glucose monitoring performed, especially at the beginning of treatment with such medicinal products. If necessary, the dose of the antihyperglycaemic medicinal product should be adjusted during therapy with the other medicinal product and on its discontinuation.