Adverse reactions : תופעות לוואי

4.8     Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile
During the clinical development program (1,368 patients in the Phase III controlled trials TMC278-C209 (ECHO) and TMC278-C215 (THRIVE)), 55.7% of subjects experienced at least one adverse drug reaction (see section 5.1). The most frequently reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (≥ 2%) that were at least of moderate intensity were depression (4.1%), headache (3.5%), insomnia (3.5%), rash (2.3%), and abdominal pain (2.0%). The most frequent serious treatment-related ADRs were reported in 7 (1.0%) patients receiving rilpivirine. The median duration of exposure for patients in the rilpivirine arm and efavirenz arm was 104.3 and 104.1 weeks, respectively. Most ADRs occurred in the first 48 weeks of treatment.
Selected treatment emergent clinical laboratory abnormalities (grade 3 or grade 4), considered as ADRs, reported in EDURANT treated patients were increased pancreatic amylase (3.8%), increased AST (2.3%), increased ALT (1.6%), increased LDL cholesterol (fasted, 1.5%), decreased white blood cell count (1.2%), increased lipase (0.9%), increased bilirubin (0.7%), increased triglycerides (fasted, 0.6%), decreased haemoglobin (0.1%), decreased platelet count (0.1%), and increased total cholesterol (fasted, 0.1%).

Tabulated summary of adverse reactions

ADRs reported in adult patients treated with rilpivirine are summarised in Table 2. The ADRs are listed by system organ class (SOC) and frequency. Frequencies are defined as very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) and uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100). Within each frequency grouping, ADRs are presented in order of decreasing frequency.

Table 2:     ADRs reported in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adult patients treated with Rilpivirine
(pooled data from the week 96 analysis of the Phase III ECHO and THRIVE trials) N=686 System Organ Class (SOC)        Frequency Category          ADRs
(Rilpivirine + BR)
Blood and lymphatic system      common                      decreased white blood cell count disorders                                                   decreased haemoglobin decreased platelet count
Immune system disorders         uncommon                    immune reactivation syndrome Metabolism and nutrition        very common                 increased total cholesterol (fasted) disorders                                                   increased LDL cholesterol (fasted) common                      decreased appetite increased triglycerides (fasted)
Psychiatric disorders           very common                 insomnia common                      abnormal dreams depression sleep disorders depressed mood
Nervous system disorders        very common                 headache dizziness common                      somnolence
Gastrointestinal disorders      very common                 nausea increased pancreatic amylase common                      abdominal pain vomiting increased lipase abdominal discomfort dry mouth
Hepatobiliary disorders         very common                 increased transaminases common                      increased bilirubin
Skin and subcutaneous tissue    common                      rash disorders
General disorders and           common                      fatigue administration site conditions
BR=background regimen
N=number of subjects

Laboratory abnormalities
In the rilpivirine arm in the week 96 analysis of the Phase III ECHO and THRIVE trials, mean change from baseline in total cholesterol (fasted) was 5 mg/dl, in HDL cholesterol (fasted) 4 mg/dl, in LDL cholesterol (fasted) 1 mg/dl, and in triglycerides (fasted) -7 mg/dl.


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Description of selected adverse reactions

Immune reactivation syndrome
In HIV infected patients with severe immune deficiency at the time of initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), an inflammatory reaction to asymptomatic or residual opportunistic infections may arise. Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves' disease and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported; however, the reported time to onset is more variable and these events can occur many months after initiation of treatment (see section 4.4).

Paediatric population (12 to less than 18 years of age)

The safety assessment is based on the week 48 analysis of the single-arm, open-label, Phase II trial, TMC278-C213, in which 36 antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adolescent patients weighing at least 32 kg received rilpivirine (25 mg once daily) in combination with other antiretroviral agents (see section 5.1). The median duration of exposure for patients was 63.5 weeks. There were no patients who discontinued treatment due to ADRs. No new ADRs were identified compared to those seen in adults.

Most ADRs were grade 1 or 2. The most common ADRs (all grades, greater than or equal to 10%) were headache (19.4%), depression (19.4%), somnolence (13.9%), and nausea (11.1%). No grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities for AST/ALT or grade 3-4 ADRs of transaminase increased were reported.

There were no new safety concerns identified in the Week 240 analysis of the TMC278-C213 trial in adolescents.
The safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in children aged <12 years have not yet been established. No data are available.
In Israel Edurant is approved for use only in adult patients.


Other special populations
Patients co-infected with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus
In patients co-infected with hepatitis B or C virus receiving rilpivirine, the incidence of hepatic enzyme elevation was higher than in patients receiving rilpivirine who were not co-infected. This observation was the same in the efavirenz arm. The pharmacokinetic exposure of rilpivirine in co-infected patients was comparable to that in patients without co-infection.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Any suspected adverse events should be reported to the Ministry of Health according to the National Regulation by using an online form: https://sideeffects.health.gov.il.