Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1   Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: herbal medicinal products for the treatment of respiratory disorders caused by colds

ATC code: R05CA

Thyme extracts are capable of increasing mucociliary clearance; for primula root extracts, a reflex increase in bronchial secretion as an expectorant mechanism of action is under discussion.

Bronchodilatory effects have also been shown for both extracts in vivo and in vitro.

Antitussive activity has been demonstrated for Bronchiclear® in a cough model in the guinea pig.

A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have found significant anti-inflammatory properties for Bronchiclear® and its individual extracts. The underlying mechanisms of action are varied.

Furthermore, in vitro studies on Bronchiclear® have brought to light antibacterial and antiviral properties against respiratory tract-related bacterial (e.g. S. pneumoniae and S.
pyogenes) and viral strains (influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus).

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2   Pharmacokinetic properties

Thymol, a main lipophilic component of essential thyme oil, is absorbed in the intestine and can be detected in human plasma as thymol sulphate. The oral administration of a Bronchiclear® tablet to healthy volunteers resulted in geometric mean values of Cmax= 90 ng/mL and AUC0-tlast= 794 h*ng/mL for thymol sulphate. The median of the Tmax value was 2 hours, that of the elimination half-life (t1/2) 10 hours. The thymol metabolites, especially thymol sulphate and glucuronide, are excreted renally.
No data is available on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the primula root extract.