Overdose : מינון יתר

4.9    Overdose

Symptoms of overdose:
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, impairment of kidney function/acute kidney injury (e.g., in the form of interstitial nephritis) and – more rarely – central-nervous symptoms (dizziness, drowsiness, coma, convulsions) and hypotension, to the extent of shock and tachycardia, have been observed in the context of acute overdose.
After very high doses, the excretion of rubazonic acid can cause red discoloration of the urine.

 Treatment in cases of overdose:
There is no known specific antidote to dipyrone. If the ingestion of dipyrone has only recently occurred, an attempt can be made to limit absorption into the body through primary detoxification measures (e.g., gastric lavage) or measures to reduce absorption (e.g., activated charcoal). The main metabolite (4-N-methylaminoantipyrine) can be eliminated by haemodialysis, haemofiltration, haemoperfusion or plasma filtration.
Treatment of intoxication, like the prevention of serious complications, can also require general and specialist intensive care monitoring and treatment.

Emergency treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions (shock):
At the first signs (e.g. skin reactions such as urticaria and flushing, agitation, headache, sweating, nausea), stop the injection. Leave the cannula in the vein, or create a venous access. In addition to standard emergency measures such as the head-down position, keeping the airways clear, and administering oxygen, the administration of sympathomimetics, volume replacement or glucocorticoids may be necessary.