Pharmacological properties : תכונות פרמקולוגיות

Pharmacodynamic Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: "Electrolytes with Carbohydrates".

ATC code: B05BB02.

Dextrose 4.3 % w/v and sodium chloride 0.18 % w/v is an hypotonic solution of sodium chloride and dextrose (glucose).

The pharmacodynamic properties of this solution are those of its components (glucose, sodium and chloride).

Ions, such as sodium, circulate through the cell membrane, using various mechanisms of transport, among which is the sodium pump (Na-K-ATPase). Sodium plays an important role in neurotransmission and cardiac electrophysiology, and also in its renal metabolism.

Chloride is mainly an extracellular anion. Intracellular chloride is in high concentration in red blood cells and gastric mucosa. Reabsorption of chloride follows reabsorption of sodium.

Dextrose (glucose) is the principal source of energy in cellular metabolism.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The pharmacokinetic properties of this solution are those of its components (glucose, sodium, and chloride).

After injection of radiosodium (24Na), the half life is 11 to 13 days for 99% of the injected Na and one year for the remaining 1%. The distribution varies according to tissues: it is fast in muscles, liver, kidney, cartilage and skin; it is slow in erythrocytes and neurones; it is very slow in the bone. Sodium is predominantly excreted by the kidney, but (as described earlier) there is extensive renal reabsorption. Small amounts of sodium are lost in the faeces and sweat.

The two main metabolic pathways of dextrose (glucose) are gluconeogenesis (energy storage) and glycogenolysis (energy release). Dextrose (glucose) metabolism is regulated by insulin.